Kiln, blast-furnace, &amp;c.



No. 656,964. Patented Aug. 28, I900.

E. GOBBE.

KILN, BLAST FURNACE, 81.0.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Shea! I.

Fig/1. c 1) c b c No. 656,964. Patented Aug. 28, I900. E. GDBBE. KILN,BLAST FunnAcE, 8w.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1899.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Modal.)

W-aiiesse E7113 1- mm m TN: ucRms virus 00. Puorauma. WASHINGTON. w. c.

E. GOBBE.

' KILN, BLAST FURNACE, 8L6.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1899.)

No. 656,964. Patented Aug. 28, I900.

No. 656,964, Patented A E. GOBBE. ug. 28, I900.

KILN, BLAST FURNACE, 8113.

6ND Model) (Application filed Dec. 27, 1899.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

at 1 I g. I /L lzllfness s I Went)? E g W w: ncwms PETERS co,PNUTO-LITHO WASHINGTON, w, c.

No. 656,964. Patented Aug. 28, I900.

E. GUBBE.

KILN, BLAST FURNACE, &c.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets$heet 5.

mgmmms PETERS co. Pnm'aumc WASHiNGTON, a. c.

PATENT OFFICE.

EMILE GOBBE, OF JUMET, BELGIUM.

KILN, BLAST-FURNACE, etc.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 656,964, dated August28, 19 O0. Application filed December 27,1899. Serial No. 741,748. (Nomodel.)

To (0Z2 whom it may concern:

Be it-known that I, EMILE GOBBE, civil engineer, a citizen of Belgium,residing at J umet, Belgium, have invented certain new and use fulImprovements in Kilns, Blast-Furnaces, ltlelting-Furnaces, and the Like,of which the following is a specification.

In lime and cement kilns, blast-furnaces, melting-furnaces, and variouskinds of furnaces in which the materials to be heated are mixed with thefuel the heat is utilized very,

inefficiently because the principal part of the carbon monoxid, which isabundantly generated in such furnaces, is not burned. In such furnacesand kilns there is ordinarily a large production of carbon monoxid dueto imperfect combustion of the fuel throughout the height of thefurnace. There is consequently a simultaneous loss of heat and of fuel.Now in practice only a small portion of this carbon monoxid is burned inthe furnace before escaping, so that the loss of heat resulting from itsformation is not compensated for.

The object of my invention is to compensate for this loss of heat and toprovide means by which the carbon monoxid is completely burned ortransformed into carbon dioxid with generation of heat.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will describe thesame with ref erence to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 isa vertical section of a lime or cement kiln constructed according to myinvention, the sect-ion being taken on the line A B of Fig. 2. Fig. 2shows a horizontal section of the same made through lines 0 D and E F inFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a similar furnace in which thepipes for containing the materials to be burned are replaced by brickwalls. Fig. 4 shows two halfseetions of the same, respectively, throughlines G H and I J of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a part vertical section showingmy invention applied to a blast-furnace.

Taking a limekiln or cement-kiln, for example, according to my inventionI suspend in the upper part thereof vertical tubes at, having asufficient diameter to enable the largest portions of the material to beburned to pass through. The said tubes are supported by collars restingupon a frame I) at the top of the kiln, so that the tubes can be easilyremoved and replaced without interfering with the act-ion of the kiln.The said frame I) is provided between the tube'openings with a series ofsmaller openings closed by plugs 0, through which openings the fuel isintroduced.

Between the refractory lining d of the kiln and the outer masonry e Iprovide vertical fiues f, through which passes the air, which isslightly heated, in contact with the almost cold charge at the lowerpart of the kiln. This air enters the said vertical fines f by openingsg at. a small distance above the grate and then passes up the said fluesand out by orifices h at top and enters the space between the aforesaidtubes 0; and comes into contact with them throughout their length, theobject being to prevent the said tubes from being injured by the hightemperature. The said air then enters the interior of the tubes by holes2' and k at their lower ends and burns the carbon monoXid which rises inthe tubes in contact with the material to be burned. The products ofcombustion escape from the tops of the tubes a reduced in temperaturefor the reason that they have left a greater part of their heat bycoming in contact with the fresh and cold materials contained in thetubes. Consequently there is no loss of heat, as the latter is employedfor preparing the new materials for the operation of burning.

The operation of the kiln thus constructed is as follows: The kiln islighted, which may be done in the ordinary manner by igniting fuelplaced on the grate. Then the material to be heated and fuel areintroduced alternatively until the lower ends of the tubes at arereached. When the fire has reached this height, the material to beburned (but without fuel) is introduced into the tubes Ct, while fromtime to time disintegrated carbon is introduced through the openingsthat are closed by the plugs c. The air enters by the grate of thefurnace and is heated by its contact with theburned material of thecharge, which at first is somewhat cooled, but subsequently recovers thegreater part of its heat. A portion of this heated air rises verticallyin the interior of the kiln and burns the carbon mixed with the chargebelow the tubes by ILLO developing the high temperature required for theburning and producing carbon monoxid, which rises in the charge in thetubes Ct because the gas has no other outlet. The other part of the airdrawn in through the grate passes through openings g into the verticalfines f and leaves by the orifices 71-, between the tubes a, with whichit comes into contact throughout their length, the object being to avoidthe intense heating of the tubes. It then passes through the holest' kin the tubes a and burns the carbon monoxid which rises in the tubes, sothat it is entirely burned in these tubes before it can escape at thefurnace-top. As the charge in these tubes does not contain fuel, thecarbon dioxid formed by the combustion of the carbon monoxid is notdecomposed, and the heat produced is absorbed by the charge contained inthe tubes. The products of combustion thus escape from the kiln entirelycooled and completely deprived of carbon monoxid. The whole heatingpower of the fuel is therefore utilized in the kiln.

I may replace the metallic tubes by walls of masonry, as shown in Figs.3 and 4. In this case the lower part of the kiln remains the same, butcomprises a central socket in which a fine or is constructed whichcommunicates with the interior of the kiln by a series of openings 1) cc". This fine descends to the bottom of the kiln, so as to admit of itsbeing cleared after removing plugs d from openings 1/. below the grate,and it communicates above the kiln with an exit-flue 6, say, of sheetmetal, provided with a plug or valve. The first openings 1) of this fluedraw in especially air from the charge resting upon the grate, so as toaccelerate the cooling thereof, whereas the orifices c and 0 above allowa small portion of the products of combustion to pass,whereby the draftof the kiln is enhanced without loss of heat, seeing that this fine isheated and yields up its heat to the charge surrounding it, so as toprepare the charge for the burning process.

Between the refractory jacket g and the ordinary brick masonry I providea series of vertical flues h t", communicating by orifices j and k withthe interior of the kiln. These flues it serve for the same purpose asthe central fine a by drawing in the air throughthe lower openings fromthe charge placed on the grate, so as to accelerate the cooling thereof,while the upper openings serve for increasing the draft.

divided into inner and outer compartments 0, formed by hollow radial andannular vertical partitions m n. The flues h communicate with the outercompartments 0 and the dues 1) with the inner compartments 0. (See Fig.4.) The fines t" are intended to convey the gases to the innercompartment 0 and must be closed for that reason. The twelvecompartments formed by these partitions receive the material to beburned, but without 7 with collars 3, resting on the frame. Toward themiddle of its height the kiln is fuel, whereas the spaces of the hollowpartition's receive the fuel supplied in small quantities throughopenings at the top of the kiln. Dampers (which may be formed by smallplates p of cast-iron or ceramic slabs) control the feed-openings forfuel, so that they may be opened more or less according to the workingof the kiln. Similarly the draft in the other vertical compartments maybe regulated by the aid of an appropriate device.

The advantages which this invention presents are very numerous. The costof the installation is comparatively small, as the tubes can be appliedto any kind of kiln-furnace by simply modifying the inner refractoryjacket. It effects a considerable saving of fuel (fifty per cent. of theweight) due principally to the complete combustion of the carbon monoxidand to the heat recovered by the air serving for the combustion of thisgas, because this air absorbs the heat and its heating is completed incontact with the metal tubes, while at the same time the heat derivedfrom the products of combustion which rise in the interior of thesetubes is utilized. It is likewise very easy to obtain a gooddistribution of the fire, as it is possible to pass the heat at willthrough the flues as required by closing them more less. The auxiliaryair serving for the combustion of the carbon monoxid enhances thecooling ofthe charge placed on the grates, so that it leaves the kilncooler, insuring a large output from the kiln. may be increased byopening some of the plugs o in the upper frame in order to let a portionof the air escape directly into the atmosphere, and thus regulate atwill the quantity conveyed to the base of the tubes in order to burntherein the carbon monoxid.

In using the apparatus according to this invention the more orless rapiddestruction of the metal tubes by the fire which might arise when thestoker is not sufficiently attentive is largely compensated for by theconsiderable saving of fuel. This injury to the tubes can, however, beeasily avoided by judiciously regulating the draft, and, moreover, ifinjured the tubes can be easily repaired, it being possible to replace atube without interfering with the working of the kiln.

This invention can be applied to furnaces such as ordinaryblast-furnaces, as shown in Fig. 5, all that is necessary being tosuspend in the furnace-top metal tubes 1 2, provided The tubes 1 receivethe charge without fuel and the others, 2, receive disintegrated carbon,which is converted into coke as it comes in contact with the hot sidesof the tubes. The supporting-collars 3 are preferably arranged at aboutone meter from the upper part of the tubes, so as to leave between themand the upper collars 5 a closed space 4, into which enters the gaswhich is disengaged from the carbon inclosed in the tubes 2. This gas,rich in hydrocarbon, passes from the The cooling of the charge tubes 2into the said space 4: through holes 6, arranged at the top of the tubes2. It thence passes through conduits 7 to an annular col lector 8, whichdirects it to an apparatus for reheating the air, or to boilers orgas-motors, for example. In order to avoid overheating of the tubes 1and 2, I cause cold air to circulate around the system of tubes. Thisair maybe supplied by a blast apparatus through an annular conduit 9 andenters between the tubes by openings 10 at their upper part. Afterhaving passed externally along the tubes 1 and 2 from top to bottom itenters by openings 12 in a very hot state the tubes containing themineral, where it entirely burns the earbon-monoxid gas therein. Theproducts of combustion rise in the said tubes and yield up their heat tothe charge therein Without the possibility of the carbon dioxid beingtransformed into carbon monoxid, as there is no fuel in the tubes 1.

The different phases of the operations are analogous to those of theapparatus hereinbe- EMILE GOBBE.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY SoHWAn, EMILE KLOBE.

